Chuuk Decisions 1csr014016

The doctrine of res judicata is applicable, if there is an existing, final judgment that has been decided on the merits without fraud or collusion by a court or tribunal of competent jurisdiction. Ungeni v Fredrick, p 15

The doctrine of res judicata bars any further litigation of the same issues between the same parties or anyone claiming under those parties. Ungeni v Fredrick, p 15

Chuuk State Land Commission determinations of ownership are subject to appeal to the trial division of this court. The appeal must be filed within 120 days of the Land Commissions determination. 67 T.T.C. § 115. Ungeni v Fredrick, p 16

The decisions of the Chuuk State Land Commission are not final judgments for purposes of res judicata until after the time for appeal from a determination of ownership has expired without an appeal or after a properly taken appeal has been determined. 67 T.T.C. § 117. Ungeni v Fredrick, p 16

A properly filed appeal destroys the finality of a judgment for purposes of the doctrine of res judicata.Ungeni v Fredrick, p 16

Once a judgment has been reversed, set aside or a trial de novo has been granted, the judgment no longer exists for purposes of res judicata. Ungeni v Fredrick, p 16

This is an appeal from a Trial Division judgment which awarded title to the land Nafou located in Sapun, on the island of Tonoas to the Appellee, Benjamin Fredrick (Benjamin) as the representative of the children of Fredrick. The dispute came to the Trial Division on appeal from a Land Commission determination of ownership in favor of the Appellant, Nipwech Ungeni (Nipwech). The trial court granted a trial de novo on the question of the title as the Land Commission had no record of the hearings or evidence on which it had based its determination. We affirm the trial court's judgment.

Nipwech has not contested the trial court's factual findings but rather claims that its decision to award title of the land to Benjamin was barred by the doctrine of res judicata. Nipwech claims that since the Land Commission had determined that he was the owner res judicata barred the trial court from reaching a different result. 1

Therefore the issue we must address is: Does the doctrine of res judicata apply to a determination of ownership by the Chuuk State Land Commission that has been properly appealed to the Trial Division of this Court? This is a question of law and is reviewed de novo by this Court.

The term res judicata literally means "a matter adjudged" or "settled by judgment. 46 Am. Jur. 2d Judgments § 394, pp. 558-559. For a matter to be considered adjudged so that the doctrine of res judicata is applicable, there must be an existing, final judgment that has been decided on the merits without fraud or collusion by a court or tribunal of competent jurisdiction. Id. If these requirements are met, the doctrine applies. The doctrine bars any further litigation of the same issues between the same parties or anyone claiming under those parties. Id.

In this case, Nipwech asserts that the determination of ownership issued by the Land Commission is a final and existing judgment and the parties could not relitigate the award of title to him.

Land Commission determinations of ownership are subject to appeal to the trial division of this court. 67 T.T.C. § 115. The appeal must be filed within 120 days of the Land Commissions determination. Id. Benjamin timely filed his notice of appeal in the trial division. The appeal was properly filed.

The decisions of the Land Commission are not final judgments for purposes of res judicata until after the time for appeal from a determination of ownership has expired without an appeal or after a properly taken appeal has been determined. 67 T.T.C. § 117. In this case, an appeal had been properly filed. Thus, the requirement of finality necessary to the doctrine of res judicata is absent.

Another element necessary for a litigant to claim the bar of res judicata is that there be an existing judgment. 46 Am. Jur. 2d Judgment § 465, p. 632. Once a judgment has been reversed, set aside or a trial de novo has been granted, the judgment no longer exists for purposes of res judicata. 46 Am. Jur. 2d Judgments §§ 459; 465, pp. 628; 632. When the trial court granted a trial de novo on the question of ownership, the Land Commission's determination of ownership ceased to exist.

The appeal was properly taken in this case under 67 T.T.C. § 115 and a trial de novo was granted. Therefore, we hold that the determination of the Land Commission was not an existing or final judgment for purposes of res judicata.

1. Appellee's counsel, Joseph Muritok, failed to file an answering brief on his clients behalf and was not allowed to argue Benjamin's position pursuant to Chk. R. App. P., Rule 31(c). Nevertheless the Appellant must still bear the burden of proving the trial court committed errors sufficient to require this Court to reverse. (Back to opinion)